Recycled, Bio-Based, and Blended Composite Materials for 3D Printing Filament: Pros and Cons—A Review

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) is most widely used technique in field AM, due low operating material costs. However, commonly for this technology are virgin thermoplastics. It worth noting a considerable amount waste exists failed print disposable prototypes. regard, using green sustainable essential limit impact on environment. The recycled, bio-based, blended recycled therefore potential approach 3D printing. contrast, lack understanding mechanism interlayer adhesion degradation FDM printing posed major challenge these materials. This paper provides an overview requirements filaments. main objective highlight advantages disadvantages based thermoplastics work, solutions improve mechanical properties parts before, during, after process pointed out. choosing which depend specific application purposes. Moreover, research gaps opportunities mentioned discussion conclusions sections study.